Modern Man In Search Of A Soul by C.G. Jung Essay -- Modern Man Search

Modern Man In Search Of A Soul by C.G. Jung In his book, Modern Man In Search Of A Soul, C.G. Jung gives a layperson insight into his ideas on dream analysis. Jung's primary objective in this book is to educate the reader as to what a psychoanalyst does when analyzing a patient's dreams. The principal message in the section of the book centered on dream analysis is that dreams should never stand alone. Dreams are meaningless in a vacuum, but on the other hand when put against a strict set of rules, they are oftentimes misunderstood. The unconscious is a fluid entity and cannot be handled either in isolation or with a static set of guidelines. Dreams are reflections of the unconscious and can represent many different things inside of a person. Modern Man In Search Of A Soul describes the techniques of dream analysis that a psychoanalyst following Jung's ideas would ideally follow. In the time when Modern Man In Search Of A Soul was written, 1931, many psychiatrists did not believe in the unconscious. Jung says that the unconscious exists and that without it dreams would be "merely a freak of nature". Without the unconscious the dream would simply be a group of memory fragments assembled in a strange order. With the unconscious dreams represent a window into the inner thoughts which are causally related to neuroses and are therefore important in a patients treatment. Apart from the therapeutic implications of this hypothesis, it can lead to scientific insight into psychic causality. Therapists who are interested in the scientific aspects of dream analysis will find that their scientific understandings are therapeutic and will most likely share them to gain insight on the present neurosis. During the course of an analysis, which may last many months, dreams often become deluded and make less sense. This is because a relationship will develop and the analyst's interpretations are clouded by their previous judgements of the person. This does not allow for any change in the patient's inevitable movement from their initial state to their cured state. If dreams remain clear and understandable throughout an analysis, then the therapist has yet to touch on an important aspect of the patient's neurosis. Serving to influence the interpretations of dreams is very commonly the type of relationship between therapist and patient. Jung gives an example of t... ...ph interpreted, meant that in three days he would be released and pardoned by the Pharaoh. Subsequently he would be restored to his post as cupbearer. Joseph saw this dream in the conscious context and could manipulate it in a fluid manner. He saw that wine and its production was the primary force in this man's life. Thus the three branches were what would grow in three days, signifying a release in three days. Using the fruit of the release, he would create wine for the Pharaoh. This meant that with his release he would once again hold the Pharaoh's cup and be restored to his position. This fits with Jung's model for interpretation. The baker's dream, as interpreted by Joseph, lead to a very different end. The dream meant that in three days the Pharaoh would behead the baker and put his head on a pole for the birds to eat. Following Jung's theory, the three baskets were what could be made for the Pharaoh in three days. The baking was the life of the baker, and thus having the birds eat his baking was, through the interpretation on the archetypal bird, was the ending of his life. The exactness of Joseph's interpretations were due mainly to the mystical nature of the Bible.

Cold War and US Diplomacy Essay

The John F. Kennedy presidency encountered various situations in Latin America, Southeast Asia and Europe, as well as, other regions that required astute diplomatic efforts and initiatives amid increasing Cold War tensions. Kennedy had been passionate about the issues of war and peace since when he was young. In fact, Kennedy’s plan of flexible response managed by Robert McNamara was intended to minimize the occurrence of war caused by miscalculated diplomatic and military initiatives. The U. S. ’s successful handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis epitomizes the foreign policy approach that John F.  Kennedy’s administration took. The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 was a conflict with the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side and the U. S on the other. The Cuban Missile Crisis is regarded as the closest the Cold War came to turning into a nuclear war (Byrne, 2006, p. 7). It is also one of the documented moments of the threat of mutual assured destruction (MAD). After getting proof of Soviet missile bases building in Cuba, the U. S thought about the idea of attacking Cuba through air and sea, but later arrived at a military quarantine of Cuba. U. S troops were at their highest state of readiness ever while Soviet field commanders based in Cuba were ready to use battlefield nuclear weapons to defend Cuba if it was attacked. Fortunately, courtesy of courage of two men, President John F. Kennedy and Prime Minister Nikita Khrushchev, eminent nuclear war was averted. After capturing proof that Cuban missile bases were under construction, Kennedy secretly held a meeting with the Executive Committee of the National Security Council (EXCOMM). He put on hold the military solution of the crisis, vigorously championed by the Joint Chiefs of Staffs, and instead decided to quarantine Cuba (Viotti, 1996, p. 104). On October 22, 1962 Kennedy informed the public about the crisis, declaring the quarantine and demanding removal of the Soviet Union. Kennedy’s inclination to a peaceful settlement of international disputes was best exemplified when a Soviet missile brought down a U-2 reconnaissance plane over Cuba, murdering the pilot Rudolf Anderson. On October 27, in a letter to Nikita Khrushchev, Kennedy gave a non-invasion promise for removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba. Luckily, on October 28th, 1962 Kennedy and Khrushchev signed a deal. The Soviet Union accepted to remove their missiles from Cuba in exchange for the U. S non-invasion promise and disarmament of PGM-19 Jupiter missiles in Turkey. By the time the deal was struck, all Jupiter missiles were considered to be out of use and had actually been replaced by missile-equipped U. S Navy Polaris subs; they were however, removed in 1963. Diplomatic efforts spearheaded by President John F. Kennedy in conjunction with Premier Nikita Khrushchev during the Cold War helped the U. S to avoid going to war with the communist Soviet Union. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a dangerous global security situation equated to crisis such as the Berlin Blockade, the Yom Kippur War and the Suez Canal as one of the major conflicts of the Cold War. Avoiding the eminent nuclear war was a great feat for the U. S in her efforts to spearhead maintenance of international peace and security. Furthermore, it saved the international community from being doomed to a devastating worldwide thermonuclear war even before the deep wounds of World War I and II dried up. After the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U. S and the Soviet Union political leaders recognized a mutual interest in deliberate and strategic arms limitations in order to avoid accidental or unintentional nuclear war and to prevent the spread of the deadly nuclear weapons (Cimbala, 2002, p. 8). During the 1960s, the vital Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963 and Direct Communications Link (Hot Lines) for urgent situation discussions between the U.  S and Russia heads of states were concluded. Deliberations between Washington D. C and Moscow over strategic arms limitation started during the Johnson administration continued during Nixon presidency and ended in the SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) covenant in 1972. The Cuban Missile Crisis indirectly reaffirmed the importance of peaceful settlement of disputes not only between the U. S and their rivals like the Soviet Union, but also between other countries in other parts of the world. This trend was particularly crucial to the entire international community, which was still struggling to overcome effects of World War II. Diplomatic efforts used by Kennedy’s administration helped to save the world’s weak nations from being hurt by the likely thermonuclear war that would have erupted between the U. S and Soviet Union. In addition, it left both military and political global balance of power unaltered. In conclusion, for the U. S public, President John F. Kennedy showed commendable leadership talents, decision-making abilities, and conflict management kills. In fact, by November 1962, Kennedy’s management of the Cuban Missile Crisis was seen by most ordinary Americans as a major diplomatic victory for his administration and the nation at large (Viotti, 2005, p. 53). To a certain extent, the triumph of the diplomatic efforts adopted by Kennedy administration boosted public confidence in his regime particularly with regard to foreign relations initiatives at a time when Soviet Union communism was increasingly gaining ground and the nuclear weapons race getting out of hand.

Essay about Alzheimers Disease - 1082 Words

Alzheimers Disease If we accept that the brains ability to fill in the blanks about each experience we have, then we can conclude that our past is indeed partially our own brains creature. However, there are still some norms created by people that define certain experiences as normal and others as not. What happens when a person starts to behave ab-normally? How is his/her brain filling the blanks in a different manner? To discuss this subject we would discuss the most common form of dementia among old people, the Alzheimers disease. Dementia is a brain disorder, a loss of intellectual function (thinking, remembering, reasoning), which substantially affects a persons ability to carry out daily activities.†¦show more content†¦Thus, the ability of the person to participate in normal interaction with other people is severely damaged. (3) The experiencing of the world and the way the patient reacts to it is radically influenced by this unhealthy interaction within the brain. The initial symptoms involve mild forgetfulness of recent events, activities or familiar people/things. In the process of development of the disease, skills acquired throughout the life of the patients such as brushing the teeth, easting with a fork and a knife are forgotten; thoughts are very unclear, and behavior becomes unable to be subordinated to normal human life norms. All the clues the brain has learned so as to be able to fill in the blank in everyday life have been forgotten. (3) The symptoms of the disease are predominantly behavioral – agitation, anxiety, depression or sleeplessness, in general mood swings a feeling of withdrawnness. (1) Main characteristics are personality changes, impairment of judgment (4) Plaques and tangles develop in the brain, leading to the death of brain cells. The rate of progression can vary from 3 to 20 years with the final stage being common to all – a complete incapability of taking care of oneself. There is a list of warning signs developed by researchers that are used as base for judgment of resemblance of a medical condition to AD and the potential further examination this could prompt. Among the major signs, as formulated byShow MoreRelatedAlzheimers Disease945 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neurological disease; it often attacks the brain tissues causing memory loss of one’s identity and regular behaviors. Statistics indicates that the rate of predicted people to get Alzheimer’s will increase briskly as time goes on. There are currently no cures for such disastrous disease, but there are currently approved treatments available that can help people within the early stages of Alzheimer’s. Once the disease is too far alongRead MoreAlzheimers Disease3170 Words   |  13 PagesThe Role of Caregiving to Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Megan Zann April 27, 2012 Health Psychology Dr. Ackerman Introduction It is normal to periodically forget your keys or a homework assignment, because you generally remember these things later. However, individuals who suffer from Alzheimer’s disease may forget things more often, but they do not remember them again. The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease has dramatically increased because people are living longer. This is a result ofRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease1503 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia that gets worse over time. It leads to nerve cell death, and tissue loss throughout the brain. Over time, the brain shrinks dramatically, affecting nearly all its functions. It gradually destroys a persons memory and ability to learn and carry out daily activities such as talking, eating, and going to the bathroom† (What Is Alzheimer’s). Early symptoms include personality changes, memory impairment, problems with language, decision-making ability, judgmentRead MoreAlzheimers Dis ease Essay2414 Words   |  10 PagesAlzheimers Disease Alzheimer’s disease is the disease of the century. This disease is affecting many lives, families, and caregivers. This research presented is to help educate on the topic of Alzheimer’s disease, which many people aren’t aware enough about. Statistics are given to show how extreme this disease is, and how many people it’s affecting in society. Also statistics are presented that give the amount of money being spent relating to Alzheimer’s disease. This research explainsRead MoreAlzheimer’s Disease Essay2544 Words   |  11 PagesAlzheimer’s disease defined: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, terminal, degenerative brain disease. It is the fourth leading cause of death in adults and currently affects over four million people in the United States. This number is expected to increase over the next several years as the baby boomers age, until it reaches fourteen million by the year 2025. Alzheimer disease generally occurs in people over seventy five years of age; however it does strike people in their forties, fiftiesRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease2405 Words   |  10 PagesAlzheimers Disease is a condition that affects 50% of the population over the age of eighty five, which equals four million Americans each year. It is becoming an important and high-profile issue in todays society for everyone. There are rapid advancements being made in the fight against this disease now more than ever, and the purpose of this essay is to educate the public on the background as well as the new discoveries. There are many new drugs that are being tested and studied every day whichRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease813 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Topic: Alzheimer’s Disease Specific Purpose: To help my audience understand what Alzheimer’s Disease is. Thesis Statement: The need to educate people on Alzheimer’s Disease for family members or friends in-case a loved one is diagnosed. Introduction: A. What would one do if their family member or friend knew of someone who was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease? What would they do to help or take care of this family member? Well, I work in a nursing home with the elderly with this diseaseRead MoreAlzheimers Disease Essay2168 Words   |  9 PagesAlzheimer’s disease or AD is an incurable disorder of the brain that results in loss of normal brain structure and function. In an AD brain, normal brain tissue is slowly replaced by structures called plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The plaques represent a naturally occurring sticky protein called beta amyloid and in an Alzheimer’s brain, sufferer’s tend to accumulate too much of this protein. Neurofibrillary tangles represent collapsed tau proteins which, in a normal brain along with microtubulesRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease 512 Words   |  3 Pagesmajor medical advancements like the world has never seen before, some diseases still continue t o plague the human race and confuse even some of the brightest scientists today. Unfortunately, Alzheimer Disease (AD) is one of them and it affects between 2.4 and 4.5 million people in America. Alzheimer’s is usually diagnosed in people over the age of 65, but in rarer cases people as young as 16 have it. Since it is a degenerative disease, patients develop it with few symptoms at an earlier stage, but thenRead More Alzheimer’s Disease Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease is a disease of the future. With the growing aged population, this disease, which affects primarily the elderly, will become of increasing relevance to the medical profession. Also, the high frequency of Alzheimer’s, and the high cost in labor, money, and material of caring for its victims shall put considerable burden on the society as a whole. Here, however, these issues are not going to be debated. Instead the pathology of Alzheimer’s will be reviewed

Definition and Examples of Sluicing in Linguistics

Human Rights And Domestic Abuse Essay - 992 Words

Abuse Human rights are rights owned by every single person. Correspondingly, each person has their own rights. Various actions in this world can violate each person s human rights, such as domestic abuse. Some people tend to ignore abuse issues among others, but countless try to put an end to all abuse. Domestic abuse is present throughout the world in relationships and families; consequently, witnesses should report it. In Argentina, the Amnesty International created a domestic abuse ad. Brother Ad School Buenos Aires produced the ad. Amnesty International is a global organization that campaigns for human rights. This organization exposes situations concerning abuse and supports those who try to claim their own rights. Amnesty International also has millions of global supporters. Distinctively concerning domestic abuse, this organization established three ads that went viral. A campaign used the ads to shed light on the subject of abuse. These domestic abuse ads are thought-provoking and raise awareness of the problem in numerous homes worldwide. The art and photographer directors used three Argentinean boys in their ad campaign. The art director, Diogo Montecarlo, prepared the boys for their pictures with an abundance of makeup. After Diogo finished putting on the makeup, the boys truly looked like they were physically abused by another person. The photographer, Lucas Rozada, took individual shots of the boys. Each picture emphasizes an area of the face that isShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights And Domestic Abuse Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesHuman rights are rights owned by each and every single person. In others, each person is entitled to their own rights. Many actions in this world can violate each person’s human rights, such as domestic abuse. Some people tend to ignore abuse issues between others, but many try to put an end to all abuse. Domestic abuse is present throughout the world in relationships and families, and witnesses should report it. In Argentina, the Amnesty International created a domestic abuse ad, and it was producedRead MoreDomestic Violence Is Now Broadly Defined As All Acts Of1586 Words   |  7 Pages Domestic violence is now broadly defined as all acts of physical, sexual, psychological and economic violence committed by a family member or intimate partner. It has to do with a pattern of power and control exerted by partner or family member upon another. The constancy and severity of the abuse can vary however, it always has a negative impact on the relationship. The devastating impact can last for a long time crossing generations or a lifetime. The battered women movement goal was to seeRead MoreDomestic Violence on Women in Society1730 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence on Women and girls in Society Tabinda Asghar Dow Institute of Nursing Abstract Violence alongside women and girls is a sign of previously uneven authority relations among men and women, which have led to command over and unfairness against women by men and to the avoidance of the full progression of women. These types of terrible actions against women and girls continues to be a global epidemic that kills, tortures, and wound- physically, psychologically, sexually and economicallyRead MoreThe Implications of Different Views on Animal Rights Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesShould animals and humans have the same rights? Or, the same penalty for their abuse? Have you just sat back and wondered how we got where we are today? Should animals be lower than humans or the same? With the advancing of new technology, medications and medical advancements haven’t we gained this knowledge by animal testing/ animal cruelty? Do we, as humans, think animal testing/ animal cruelty and domestic violence all have similarities and should all of them have the same fines? Many peopleRead More We Must Work Together to Reduce Domestic Violence1303 Words   |  6 Pages Domestic violence is an act of crime which occurs in domestic household units. It is also known as as spousal abuse or family violence. Domestic violence is not only related to physical abuse but also emotional, sexual, financial, mental and verbal threats. According to ( Human Right Watch, 1995) cited from Macionis, John J., 2008. Domestic violence is defined as bodily harm, usually accompanied by verbal threats and harassment, emotional abuse or the destruction of property as meansRead MoreIs Marina Pisklakova The Reason Why Laws Against Domestic Violence Exist?1155 Words   |  5 Pagesand Human Rights â€Å"MARINA PISKLAKOVA†). Every year in Russia, almost 15,000 women are killed by their husbands, and over 50,000 are hospitalized from abuse; 85% of these victims are female. In countries such as America, these numbers are far lower, and there are many ways to get help. Many people don’t realize that in places such as Russia, if you are a victim of domestic violence, there is very little you can do to help yourself. In fact, up until recently, there were no laws prohibiting abuse. MarinaRead MoreWomens Rights in Latin America and the Caribbean1362 Words   |  6 Pagespervasive and widespread human rights violations women face in the region, with little chance of justice. The most pernicious types of womens human rights abuses in the Americas occur in the areas of womens reproductive and sexual health and rights, discrimination and violence against women in the workplace, and violence against women in the home. After decades of dictatorships in some countries, democracy has not meant an end to impunity for violations of women rights. In fact, despite the formalRead MoreDomestic Violence VS Animal Cruelty and Child Abuse1665 Words   |  7 PagesOver the centuries, animals have suffered from cruelty from humans. In the United States, animals are beaten, neglected, or forced to struggle for survival. Animals have been inflicted with pain from humans for reasons other than self-defense. They have been slaughtered for their food and fur for personal gain in profit. In a majority of cases they have even been abused for someone’s own personal amusement or out of rage filled impulses. In some cases animals are found and rescued. They are givenRead MoreThe Effect Of Historical And Theoretical Factors On Domestic Violence Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesHistorical and Theoretical Factors Domestic Violence CJCU 416 OL1 Every year in America, there are millions of women who are physically assaulted by their partners (Tjaden Thoennes, 2000). This number is staggering. For the purpose of this literature review, I am defining domestic violence as physical abuse. As domestic violence increases, the need for intervention ever so in demand. Tjaden Thoeness (2000), describe how the widespread occurrence of domestic violence is influenced by historicalRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Part Of Culture1498 Words   |  6 PagesTo this day, domestic violence is seen to be a part of culture in many countries. Some people view domestic violence as unjust and cruel, yet many see it as a form of power and control over another. Domestic violence plays a key role in different societies around the world as it is becoming a social norm. Domestic violence frequently begins when one partner feels the need to control the other. This feeling is sprouted from several factors such as jealousy, low self-esteem, and difficulties in regulating

Should Everyone Undertake University Free Essays

ASSIGNMENT: REFERENCED ESSAY TITTLE: EDUCATION TOPIC 1: SHOULD EVERYONE BE REQUIRED TO UNDERTAKE A UNIVERSITY EDUCAtion DATE: 6 JANUARY 2013 In modern life, many students choose to enter university or college after they have graduated high school because higher education is a good environment to prepare for their future. However, some others think that it is only one of causes to increase the rate of unemployment, while they just need to follow vocational training or start working to improve their skills. This essay argues that everyone should be required to undertake a university education because it gives benefit to individuals such as career opportunities with higher earnings and social benefits. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Everyone Undertake University or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the main reasons why people should go to university is because it is a personal investment that can improve their life’s quality in the future. In higher education, people not only learn the knowledge from books but they also acquire what they need to know for their future life. Potter (2006) states that â€Å"university graduates also enjoy lots of other non-market benefits, including a lifetime of better mental and physical health, stronger social networks, and higher social status†. Indeed, university education provides many opportunities and benefits. Firstly, higher education provides career opportunities for students because they can get more knowledge and experience for their jobs in the future. Lederer (2010) mentions that university students will have lower unemployment rates in an economic downturn. This means as job markets are growing up, there are hundreds of applicants for one position in a company so if people do not have a qualification from university or college, it will be hard for them to be accepted. Furthermore, individual income is also strongly related to education attainment. People who graduate higher education may earn more than others so they will have more employer provided health and pension benefits. For example, according to Baum (2007) â€Å"the typical bachelor’s degree recipient can expect to earn about 61% more over 40 years working life than the typical high school graduate earning over the same period†. Some students believe that vocational training might be seen alternative program for university. However, they can still find a good job, their company will require college or university experience if they want to have a higher salary. Finally, higher education is where students build connected networks. They may meet friends and mentors that become a future contact and colleagues from all activities when learning including volunteer work, summer jobs or student organizations. The author in the article â€Å"building rapport-establishing bonds† states that developing professional connection is a skill that everyone can learn and can use easily. They can use it to bring countless opportunities to be successful. Consequently, studying higher education will make more new opportunities for student to have a better life and prepare for their career. Next, undertaking university education is not just benefitcal for individual students but also beneficial to the whole society. People, who have higher learning, will have awareness and responsibility for their life. Firstly, going to university is related to economic advantages of society. Baum (2007) presents: â€Å"higher levels of education lead to both higher of earning for individuals and higher taxes revenues for federal, state, and local governments†. University graduates not only pay more taxes with higher income, but they also tend to have better health and depend less on government programs and spend more leisure time with their family or on civic activities. Moreover, students who have higher education will have more knowledge and awareness in life choices and can more easily to avoid lack of money and will become a criminal. According to Dr. Hill (2005), educational attainment may lead to less criminal behavior and lower imprisonment rate. Thus, the number of criminals will decline so human life will be happier and people no longer worried about things such as phishing, theft or violence. Higher education is a good way to help develop the economy and society. In conclusion, everyone should be required to undertake university education because students can have the opportunity to prepare for their jobs, creating career opportunities and higher income in the future. This leads to better individual life’s quality and give more benefits for society. Overall, from reasons above, students should be encouraged to go to university to get better life and better country. REFERENCE LIST: Baum and Payea, 2005, ‘the benefits of higher education for individuals and society’, College Board, vol. 1, page 10 and 16, viewed 6 January 2013 http://www. collegeboard. com/prod_downloads/about/news_info/trends/ed_pays_2007. pdf ‘Building rapport-establishing bonds’, mind tools, viewed 6 January 2013 http://www. mindtools. com/pages/article/building-rapport. htm Hill Ph. D, Hoffman Ph. D and Rex MBA, 2005, ‘the value of higher education: individual and societal benefit’, school of business, vol. , page 24, viewed 6 January 2013 http://wpcarey. asu. edu/seid/upload/Value%20Full%20Report_final_october%202005a. pdf Lederer, J 2010, â€Å"Job Growth: Why increasing education attainment is so important for creating jobs†, Washington Higher Education Coordinating Board, viewed 6 January 2013 http://www. wsac. wa. gov/sites/default/files/TAB7A-JobGrowthPresentation. pdf Potter, A 2006, â€Å"should everyone go to university? †, reading pack, vol. 6, viewed 6 January 2013 http://www. macleans. ca/education/universities/article. jsp? content=20061113_136513_136513 How to cite Should Everyone Undertake University, Papers

Liquidation of Companies-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Anayse of reasons of Liquidation of Companies-HIH Insurance, One Tel and ABC Learning. Answer: Introduction Each and every company shall work properly and effectively and shall serve the needs of their stakeholders. It is because the company basically survives in the market because of the satisfaction received by the stakeholders of the company. If the stakeholders of the company are not satisfied then the company will not be able to run in the market. If such circumstance prevails then, after sometime, the company gets into liquidation. Similar cases have been happened in the last few decades across the globe. In this report the main consideration has been made in the Australian based companies and for the purpose of the report three companies has been chosen HIH Insurance, One Tel Phone and ABC Learning. All the three companies have been gone into liquidation because of the different reasons. The company shall have ethical climate as the ethics governs the behavior of the personnel working in the organization and along with that shall have good corporate governance. These are two considered as the major pillars for effective working of the organization. With these two pillars and the financial information, the companys history has been discussed. Events That Led To The Liquidation Of The Company HIH Insurance Due to entrance in the high risky areas, the company has gone into the liquidation. First event that has taken place is the acquisition of Fire and all Risk insurance company. With this acquisition the company has incurred the considerable damage claims. Second event is that the company has entered into the insurance of the film financing which again has resulted in the loss of dollar hundred million in the year (OBrien,2008). Next event is that gradually the company has entered into the insurance from the damage caused by natural disasters and the company has suffered the major loss from the Typhoon of Florida. The fourth event is that due to change in the government regulations, the compensation claims of the Workers of California have been increased, due to which the company has incurred the huge amount of losses (Mak, Deo and Cooper, 2005 and Mirshekary, Yaftian, and Cross, 2005). One Tel Company The major cause of the liquidation of the company is the financial irregularity that the company is pursuing deliberately despite of knowing that the practice that the company has adopted is not permissible by the companies. The company is reporting the higher revenue and deferring its expenses over the next three years. Due to this in the future years the company has been forced to report the huge amount of losses. The other major financial irregularity was the company has been paying the compensation to the key managerial personnel at the increased rates regardless of the fact that the company is entering into the losses and the share price has been fallen to 16 cents of the Australian Dollar. The other major event was that the company has been charging very less price from the customers in the view that the company would be able to cover the loss and generate the profits over the period of six months. The company has purchased the per customer bundle of Australian dollar 350 and has charged from the customer only Australian dollar 50 in the view that the cost will be recovered in the next six months on purchase. But the same case has not happened and the company has run into losses. The last event was the poor quality of the audit by the audit firm of chartered accountants as they are signing off the financial statements without looking after the consequences along with the irresponsibility o f the management of the company (Reza, 2011). ABC Learning The major event which has led the company to go for liquidation is that the company has been engaged in wrong accounting of the Licenses and other similar Intangible Assets. The company has in actual made the revaluation of the intangibles and has increased the profit accordingly but simultaneously has made provision of the impairment but it has been calculated without the proper base as the impairment has not event counted as 10% of the recognized revalued cost. While making the revaluation of the intangibles, the company has not estimated the correct future cash flows as in the future years the company has went into the decrease of profits by 42% as compared to the earlier year. The second major event is that the company has been making the profits at the cost of the employees and the quality of service provided to the children at centre. It has been done by providing the low wages and salary to their employees and providing low quality of education and care to the children. The same fact has been argued by the community of Child Care of New South Wales. Ethics Of The Companies HIH Insurance Two ethical issues have been identified. One is related to the Business ethics and another one is related to ethics in compliance. The company violated the ethics in business and ethics in compliance. Ethics in business provides that the company shall enter into such business practices which will increase the wealth of the shareholders and the survival of the company. But the company has violated the ethics by engaging into the more risky areas like Marine, Film financing and the natural disasters (Lipton, 2013). Second business ethics has been violated when the company has acquired the Fire and All Risk Insurance Company at a premium from Rodney Adler, then director of the acquired company. Thereafter Rodney Adler has become the Non Executive director of the company. The acquisition has been made without the consent of the Board of Directors and without carrying and due diligence for the same (Cheng and Seeger, 2012). This has led to the unethical practice in relation to the Business Expansion. It is because the said acquisition has led the company to run in the huge losses. Simultaneously the ethics in compliance has been violated as no due diligence has been conducted and no prior approval has been taken which has led to the default in compliance with the provisions of Corporation Act, 2001 (UK Essays, 2013). One Tel Company Two ethical issues have been identified. One issue is related to ethics in accounting and second issue is relating to ethics in business. First issue is that the company has not following the proper method of billing. This cause is referred to as the major one for the collapse of the company. With the introduction of the Goods and Service Tax in the year 2000, the billing of the company remains pending for weeks and also in most of the bills the amount has been calculated wrongly (Avison, 2012). This has led the companys financial statements incorrect due to which the auditors have refused to sign the financial statements. Second issue in accounting was that the company has been deferring the expenses over their future year which has led to huge losses in upcoming years (Brown and Caylor, 2009). The issue is that the company has been charging the lesser amount from the customer in the view that it will be recovered is wrong and has been considered as futile. It affects the pricing strategy of the management of the company. It depicts that the company has not adopted ethics in business. Two issues have been identified. One is ethics in accounting and other is ethics in services. In the first instance the company has not followed the correct method of accounting of intangibles and has violated the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and also the Accounting Standards. Second issue is that management of the company has not deliver the best services to the customers and has received several complaints and suits from the different authorities on account of mismanagement of the children as in 2005, one child have fled from the centre after broking the fence. Corporate Governance In all the cases, corporate governance practices are very low but the same have not been reported in the Annual Report of the company or the Corporate Governance Statement. HIH Insurance The basic aspect due to which the company has bad corporate governance and the poor management is that the company fails to identify the risk that has been undertaken by the company and the risk that is associated with the nature of business of the company which is insurance. The first major reason for the corporate governance failure was that the dominant roles of the chief executive officer of the company who is Mr. Ray Williams. He has dominatingly kept all the friends and relatives on the board so that there will be no accountability to the senior management. Through this he has then started mixing the personal funds and the funds of the company together as the company does not have any clear policy about this. Despite of having the policy, the matter came to the Chief executive officer and it is resolved on discretionary basis. The second instance which shows the failure of corporate governance is the establishment of operations in the United Kingdom. The minutes of the meeting of the board of directors have not shown any discussion regarding the opening of office at United Kingdom and no reference has been made with the strategy of the company. With the poor management information system and the irregular accounting system, the companys ability to monitor the operations has been greatly impaired and thus depicts that low corporate governance. The second major reason of the corporate governance failure was that the acquisition of the business in the United States has been made without analyzing the management concern that setting up the operations at United States will be profitable. As a result, the company has incurred the losses of $620 million (Jiangbo, 2003). One Tel Company In this case, the reason for having the bad corporate governance is companys management strategy regarding the price of the company. The company has charged very low and making its revenue deferred over the period of seven months (Morey, Gottesman, Baker and Godridge, 2009). The second reason was the composition of board of directors of the company. Annual report of the company for the year 1998, states that the board has comprised four members, out of which two are chief executive officer Jodee Rich and Brad Keeling and two are non executive directors of the company Rodney Adler and John Greaves. All members were subject to election except Jodee Rich which has ensured that Jodee Rich will remain the chief executive officer of the company. In the year 1999, the board of the company has been increased to eight members. The composition of the various committees Audit, Remuneration and Corporate Governance are the same. The same composition has been followed for consecutively three years. The violation of the accounting standards has shown the inefficiency of audit committee. As per the ASX good governance principles, there shall be clear responsibilities between the chairman and the management of the company. In the board meetings of the company, most of the meetings have been either chaired by Finance Director and Company Secretary of the company and the Chief executive officer of the company. It is in total inconsistent with the ASX governance guidelines. The other major reason is that company fails to disclose the full particulars through the flash report to director monthly basis. This failure has shown the inefficiency and incapability of the board of directors of the company. ABC Learning Being a listed company, the company shall have the proper audit committee, remuneration committee and the grievance committee, etc. But the company does not have the same since its listing at the Australian Stock Exchange. Along with non existence of the committees, the company has been entering into the investment proposals without having the proper and correct violation and without reviewing the investments terms and conditions. The management of the company has not even relied upon the valuation of the proposed investment made by the KPMG, being an independent valuer of the company. For the proposed investment of 123 Centre, KPMG has assessed the value of $30 million whereas the company has purchased the same at the value of $70 million. It depicts that the companys management has not exercised their skill and due care while entering into the investment proposal. The liabilities of the company have been the same for 2007 full year and the liabilities under the head current liabilities has been shifted to Non Current Liabilities. It depicts that the management is not participating effectively in the operations of the company and thus shows the inefficiency of the management of the company. The corporate governance system is very low as the company is providing the child care services by sacrificing the quality of service and thus, leads to failure of the company. Financial Stress And The Role Of Liabilities In all the three companies, it has been observed that although the companies have run into huge losses and expenses, but the main reason of the collapse was the bad corporate governance and the bad functioning of the management of the company in regard to accounting function, strategy making function, pricing function and auditing function, etc. The liabilities have been incurred by the company only because of the aforesaid reasons. Therefore, it cannot be interpreted that the liabilities has been the major factor that have contributed towards the liquidation of the company. Recommendation It is recommended to have the best management policies and practices and due professional care shall be made before opting for any decision for the company. Conclusion The liquidation of the companies in the earlier decades has strongly hit the corporate world across the globe. Every company after that has been putting more focus on the internal control system and on the working of the corporate governance and has started ensuring that the company will have good corporate governance. In all the three companies HIH Insurance, One Tel Phone and ABC Learning, the major reason for failure was the bad management of the functions of the company and also the presence of the bad corporate governance and ethical practices. To conclude, the companys function shall be managed properly and shall have the good corporate governance practices and simultaneously good audit firms shall be appointed which can figure out and disclose all the possible deviations and flaws. References Avison, D. (2012): IT Failure and the Collapse of One.Tel in Traunmuller, R. (ed.): Information Systems: The e-Business Challenge, Kluwer, pp 31-46. Brown, L. and Caylor, M., 2009, Corporate Governance and Firm Operating Performance, Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 32, 2: 133-144. Cheng S and Seeger M, (2012), Lessons Learned from Organizational Crisis; Business Ethics and Corporate Communication, International Journal of Business Management, Vol. 7, No. 12, 74-86 Jiangbo X, (2003), HIH Insurance Limited: Corporate Governance and Corporate Excesses, available at https://www.seiofbluemountain.com/upload /product/201010/2010jjfzh05a8.pdf accessed on 29/08/2017. Lipton P, (2013), The Demise of HIH : Corporate Governance Lessons, EY Journal, 27th, 273-277. Mak, T., Deo, H. and Cooper, K. 2005, Australias Major Corporate Collapse: Health International Holdings (HIH) Insurance May the Force Be with You, Journal of American Academy of Business, 6, 2: 101-110. hekary, S., Yaftian, A. and Cross, D. (2005), Australian Corporate Collapse: The Case of HIH Insurance, Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 9, 3: 249-58. 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